Association of nasopharyngeal viruses and pathogenic bacteria in children and their parents with and without HIV

Abstract Background Bacteria and respiratory viruses co-occur in the nasopharynx, their interactions may impact pathogenesis of invasive disease. Associations bacteria nasopharynx be affected by HIV. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study from larger cohort banked nasopharyngeal swabs families with without HIV West Bengal India, to look at association parents children when they are asymptomatic. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 4 21 was run on 92 random children--49 living (CLH) 43 uninfected (HUC)-- 77 (44 CLH 33 HUC). Results found 67% children, 45%, both 27% child samples. Staphylococcus aureus (53%) most common bacteria, followed Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) (37%) (53, 20%). Regardless status, were detected higher numbers (44%) than (30%) ( p = 0.049), particularly rhinovirus 0.02). Human frequently virus HUC. Children adenovirus six times increased risk also having pneumococcus (Odds ratio OR 6, 95% CI 1.12–31.9) regardless status. In addition, presence associated pneumococcal density (Regression coeff 4.5, 1.14–7.9). colonization nearly sixteen (OR 15.6, 1.66–146.4), and, S. dual nine 8.7). Conclusions more carried rhinovirus, virus, significantly co-colonization .